ABSTRACT
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) are an increasingly common problem. Aim: To develop an association model to allow an early detection of ESBL-producing microorganisms. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was undertaken among patients admitted with a diagnosis of culture-proven UTI to the Internal Medicine Ward of the Hospital Naval Almirante Nef between February and November, 2011. Patients with polimicrobial cultures were excluded from analyses, which was undertaken using multiple logistic regression. Results: Two-hundred and forty-nine patients were analysed and 35 (14%) presented an ESBL-producing microorganism. Seventy-one percent were female and the mean age was 70,7 ± 16,9 years. A history of a recent hospitalization (< 3 months) or institutionalization (p = 0.027), previous infections by an ESBL-producing bacteria (p < 0.001), recent antimicrobial use (p = 0.013) and metastatic cancer (p = 0.007) were independently associated with a current UTI with an ESBL-producing pathogen. Discussion: Our findings are similar to those found in other populations. This tool offers assistance to clinicians who need to choose an appropriate antimicrobial therapy. This model needs to be validated prior to implementation.
Introducción: La infección del tracto urinario (ITU) por microorganismos productores de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) es un problema infectológico creciente. Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo predisponentes a infecciones por microorganismos productores de BLEE. Pacientes y Método: Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes > 18 años ingresados al Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Naval Almirante Nef de Viña del Mar desde febrero a noviembre de 2011 con diagnóstico de ITU confirmado en un urocultivo. Se excluyeron pacientes con urocultivos polimicrobianos. El análisis se hizo mediante una regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: Se analizaron 249 pacientes, 35 (14%) presentaron un microorganismo productor de BLEE. El 71% fueron mujeres y la edad promedio 70,7 ± 16,9 años. El antecedente de hospitalización en los últimos tres meses o el vivir institucionalizado (p = 0,027), la infección por bacteria productora de BLEE previa (p < 0,001), el uso de antimicrobianos recientes (p = 0,013) y el antecedente de cáncer metastásico (p = 0,007) se asociaron a la producción de BLEE. Discusión: Los factores encontrados en la presente cohorte están de acuerdo a lo descrito en otras poblaciones. Esta herramienta ofrece asistencia para el médico clínico en la selección de la antibioterapia más apropiada. Es necesario validar este modelo previo a su implementación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , beta-Lactamases/metabolism , Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria/enzymology , Gram-Positive Bacteria/enzymology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
Severe hyponatremia occurring as the presenting feature of hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary adenomas is rare. We report three patients with this condition: Two elderly males (74 and 78 year-old) presenting with impaired consciousness and low plasma sodium after an episode of diarrhea and a 56-year-old male presenting with impaired consciousness after an episode of vomiting. All had clinical features of hypopituitarism and pituitary adenomas were found on imaging studies. Two were subjected to a trans sphenoidal resection of the adenoma.